Male Breast Enlargement (Gynecomastia)
Gynecomastia is the development of female-type breast tissue in males, meaning the male chest takes on a more feminine appearance. Gynecomastia can occur for many reasons, including the side effects of certain medications, hormonal imbalances, liver disorders, cirrhosis, drug use, and certain types of cancer. However, the most common cause is structural or genetic factors, meaning it often appears without any underlying pathology. Sudden and significant weight loss may also contribute to breast tissue enlargement and lead to gynecomastia. Although patients often believe that losing weight will resolve the condition, this rarely happens; in fact, it may become even more noticeable.
Gynecomastia most commonly appears during puberty or in older men due to hormonal changes. This is known as physiological gynecomastia. In about 90% of adolescent boys, the condition resolves spontaneously within one year. In adults, the cause is often unclear. Persistent physiological gynecomastia and repeated weight fluctuations are commonly observed.
Gynecomastia surgery can be performed from the age of 17, once puberty is completed. Before this age, observation is recommended, as the condition may be physiological. When breast enlargement begins, undergoing the necessary medical evaluations and intervening promptly not only treats the condition but also prevents potential psychological problems.
During the preoperative examination, the type of gynecomastia is identified. This helps determine whether the mass consists solely of fatty tissue or whether true breast tissue is present.
Gynecomastia surgery can be performed under sedation anesthesia or general anesthesia. If liposuction alone is sufficient, sedation anesthesia is typically adequate, and the patient can return home shortly after the procedure.
With the liposuction technique (closed approach), it is possible to remove excess fat and breast tissue without leaving any scars on the breast and without damaging the areola. Even if there is skin looseness, liposuction can correct this, and visible tightening begins from the first day. Within approximately one month, even severely sagging breasts generally achieve a significantly improved appearance.
About one week after surgery, even at its most swollen stage, the chest already looks aesthetically pleasing. After one month, it becomes difficult to tell that surgery was performed. During this time, only the patient may feel firm areas under the skin, which are a normal part of the healing process and typically resolve within three months. Wearing a compression garment for about one month is recommended.
